TY - JOUR AU - Fornelli, G. AU - Isaia, G.C. AU - D'Amelio, P. PY - 2016/09/15 Y2 - 2024/03/29 TI - Ageing, muscle and bone JF - JOURNAL OF GERONTOLOGY AND GERIATRICS JA - Gerontology and Geriatrics VL - 64 IS - 3 SE - Translational Research in Gerontology and Geriatrics - Reviews DO - UR - https://www.jgerontology-geriatrics.com/article/view/169 SP - 75-80 AB - The ageing process is characterized by a decline in muscle mass and strength, when this process outreachespathological levels it is defined sarcopenia. This condition is associated with greater likelihood of recurrent fallsand greater risk of mortality and less consistently associated with risk of hip fracture and functional limitation.On the other hand, ageing heavily affects bone inducing changes in bone structure – progressive decrease intrabecular thickness and increase in cortical porosity –, loss of bone mass and increase in bone turnover.There is an important interplay between muscle and skeletal systems: muscle contractions during anti-gravitational and physical activities apply mechanical stress to bones, influencing bone density, strength and microarchitecture, thus a decrease in muscle function is related to lower bone strength and predisposes to osteoporosis.Osteoporosis and sarcopenia show multiple common pathogenetic pathways, both systemic andlocal: reduction in anabolic hormones, chronic inflammatory condition, inactivity. In particular, several skeletalmuscle-derived cytokines are able to directly influence bone. Vitamin D adequate levels are crucial for bothbone and muscle function. Musculoskeletal impairment causes an important burden of disability and diseasein older patients, a better understanding of pathogenesis and muscle-bone crosstalk could lead to improveprevention strategies and therapeutic options. ER -